From the cerulean waters that caress its golden shores to the emerald forests that cloak its hills, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands present a mesmerizing fusion of diverse natural landscapes. This exquisite mosaic of ecosystems shelters countless species of flora and fauna, creating a true haven for nature and wildlife lovers. Among its many natural treasures, the islands’ national parks and sanctuaries stand as proud symbols of their commitment to conserving this ecological paradise.

# Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park: A Window into the Underwater World

At the heart of Andaman’s ecological diversity lies the Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, spanning 281.5 square kilometers. It offers a breathtaking glimpse into the underwater world, home to coral reefs, vibrant fish, sea turtles, and saltwater crocodiles — making it a diver’s and snorkeler’s dream. The colorful coral gardens sway with the tides as schools of fish glide gracefully through the reef, while sea turtles drift lazily above — a living, moving canvas of marine wonder.

# Mount Harriet National Park: A Green Sanctuary in the Hills

Perched on South Andaman Island, Mount Harriet National Park spans 46.62 square kilometers of lush landscapes. Named after Harriet Tytler, a noted artist and naturalist, the park showcases the region’s rich terrestrial biodiversity. Bird watchers can spot the Andaman wood pigeon, white-headed starling, and cuckoo-dove, while trekkers may encounter the endemic Andaman wild pig or spotted deer. The scenic trails and panoramic hilltop views make this park a peaceful retreat for adventure seekers.

# Saddle Peak National Park: The Summit of Scenic Splendor

Home to the archipelago’s highest point, Saddle Peak National Park in North Andaman covers 32.54 square kilometers of tropical rainforests and valleys. The trek to the summit — through dense forest and across seven rivers — is an adventure in itself. Along the way, you might glimpse the Andaman macaque, the elusive Andaman day gecko, or hear the distinctive call of the Andaman crake. The panoramic view from the peak rewards every step of the climb.

# Arial Island Wildlife Sanctuary: Nature’s Hidden Gem

Nestled in Ritchie’s Archipelago, the tiny Arial Island Wildlife Sanctuary (0.017 sq. km) is a pristine refuge for seabirds. Bird enthusiasts can spot the Brown noddy, Black-naped tern, and Nicobar pigeon thriving among mangrove forests that offer nesting and feeding grounds. Though small, it is a vital sanctuary for avian conservation and an idyllic escape into untouched nature.

# Cinque Island Wildlife Sanctuary: Where Land Meets Sea

Comprising two islets — North and South Cinque — connected by a sandbar, the Cinque Island Wildlife Sanctuary (0.037 sq. km) is a masterpiece of natural harmony. Its coral reefs rank among the finest in the Andamans, hosting dazzling marine species. The islands’ dense tropical forests are home to diverse birdlife and terrestrial animals, making it a perfect blend of marine and land-based beauty.

# Galathea National Park: The Pride of Great Nicobar

Located on Great Nicobar Island, Galathea National Park spans 110 square kilometers of tropical forests, mangroves, and coastal vegetation. It shelters the world’s largest land arthropod — the Giant Robber Crab — along with the Nicobar pigeon and the endangered Leatherback Turtle that nests along its shores. The park is a living testament to the biodiversity of the Nicobar Islands.

# Button Island National Park: A Coral Wonderland

Consisting of four tiny islets — North, Middle, South Button, and Tarmugli — this park teems with marine life. The surrounding turquoise waters are home to dolphins, sea turtles, and even the rare Dugong. On land, birds like the Andaman teal and white-bellied sea eagle add to the park’s tropical charm.

# Rani Jhansi Marine National Park: A Subaquatic Spectacle

Spread across 256.14 square kilometers in Ritchie’s Archipelago, Rani Jhansi Marine National Park is celebrated for its vibrant coral reefs and mangroves. Divers and snorkelers can encounter parrotfish, butterflyfish, and the elusive octopus, while bird watchers can admire the Andaman teal and white-bellied sea eagle soaring above the coastal canopy.

# Narcondam Island Wildlife Sanctuary: A Volcanic Wonder

This small volcanic island sanctuary (6.8 sq. km) in the eastern Andaman Sea is famed for being the only habitat of the Narcondam Hornbill, a rare and vulnerable species. Surrounded by coral-rich waters and evergreen forests, the island also hosts bats, pythons, and other endemic fauna, making it a unique ecological treasure.

# Interview Island Wildlife Sanctuary: The Land of Wild Elephants

Covering 133.93 square kilometers, Interview Island is the largest sanctuary in the Andamans. It is best known for its population of wild elephants — descendants of those once used in logging. Visitors may also encounter saltwater crocodiles, Andaman wild pigs, and a variety of birds, all thriving in the island’s lush deciduous and evergreen forests.

# Spike Island Wildlife Sanctuary: A Haven for Bird Lovers

Though tiny (0.017 sq. km), Spike Island Wildlife Sanctuary offers an impressive diversity of bird species. The melodies of the Andaman bulbul, coucal, and crake fill the air, making it a delightful escape for those who cherish avian beauty amidst serene surroundings.

# South Sentinel Island Sanctuary: The Coral Crown

Set in the Bay of Bengal, South Sentinel Island Sanctuary (1.61 sq. km) is uninhabited yet brimming with life. Its coral reefs, sea anemones, and vibrant reef fish form an underwater paradise for divers and marine biologists alike. Beyond its beauty, the sanctuary plays an essential role in preserving the delicate balance of the region’s marine ecosystem.