India has initiated various government-led campaigns aimed at vaccinating children, achieving notable success. However, the scenario for adult vaccinations is quite different. As individuals age, their immunity tends to weaken, which heightens the risk of infections, particularly among the elderly and those with pre-existing health conditions. Alarmingly, awareness regarding adult vaccinations in India is still very limited. Dr. Sanjeev Gulati, Principal Director of Nephrology and Kidney Transplant at Fortis Group of Hospitals in NCR, emphasizes the urgent need to tackle this issue.
A rapidly aging population and new challenges
A report from the World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that the global population aged 60 and above will double by 2050, with around 80% residing in low- and middle-income nations like India. This demographic shift is accompanied by an increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, diabetes, and kidney disorders.
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Individuals suffering from these chronic conditions face a significantly elevated risk of infections. For instance, those with diabetes are more prone to illnesses such as the flu or shingles, which can further complicate their existing health issues.
Why is the adult vaccination situation in India concerning?
India boasts one of the largest vaccination programs globally, yet adult vaccination remains a neglected aspect of health policy. A prevalent belief persists that vaccines are solely for children, which poses a significant barrier.
Due to insufficient awareness, a lack of government initiatives, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure, the coverage for adult vaccinations is alarmingly low. Statistics reveal that fewer than 2% of individuals over 45 receive the flu vaccine.
The Impact of Low Vaccination
The absence of vaccinations not only facilitates the spread of diseases but also imposes an economic strain. When an elderly individual contracts illnesses like pneumonia or the flu, hospitalization may be necessary. In India, where many families bear the financial burden of treatment, such health issues can jeopardize their economic stability.
These diseases can lead to long-lasting discomfort, fatigue, weight loss, and mental stress. For instance, shingles (Herpes Zoster) can cause severe pain, making even light contact with clothing intolerable.
Infections have a profound impact on the elderly and the sick.
As people age, their immune systems weaken, making those over 50 more susceptible to illnesses like shingles, flu, and pneumonia. Shingles can lead to a complication known as "post-herpetic neuralgia," characterized by persistent nerve pain.
Moreover, the flu is not merely a seasonal ailment for older adults; it can increase the risk of heart attacks by 3 to 5 times and strokes by 2 to 3 times among heart patients.
Non-communicable diseases and infection have a two-way relationship.
Conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and respiratory illnesses compromise the immune system, making individuals more vulnerable to infections. Conversely, infections can exacerbate these chronic conditions. For example, diabetic patients face a 38% higher risk of developing shingles following chickenpox, and their blood sugar levels are more likely to fluctuate during shingles outbreaks.
Preventative, not reactive, healthcare is needed.
India must transition from a "treatment after illness" approach to one focused on "prevention before illness." To facilitate this, a national adult vaccination policy should be established, encompassing vaccines for influenza, pneumococcal infections, shingles, hepatitis B, and tetanus.
Additionally, specialized “Adult Vaccination Clinics” could be set up in hospitals and clinics, allowing patients with diabetes, heart disease, or kidney issues to receive vaccinations during their routine checkups.
Furthermore, awareness campaigns targeting both healthcare professionals and the general public are essential to convey that vaccinations are not just for children but are crucial for healthy aging.
For India's expanding elderly demographic, adult vaccination should be regarded as a necessity rather than an option. It not only safeguards against infections but also alleviates the burden of chronic diseases, enabling older adults to remain healthier, more active, and self-sufficient.
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