Earthquake – A moderate earthquake measuring 4.9 on the Richter scale struck parts of Myanmar on Friday, according to official data released by the National Center for Seismology (NCS). The tremor is part of a series of recent seismic events that have affected the region over the past several days, highlighting Myanmar’s ongoing exposure to geological risks.

Details of the Latest Earthquake

The NCS reported that the earthquake occurred in the early hours of Friday morning, with its epicentre located within Myanmar’s territory. The tremor originated at a depth of 96 kilometres beneath the surface, a level generally associated with reduced surface impact compared to shallow earthquakes. Seismologists noted that the coordinates of the event placed it in a region that has experienced repeated seismic movement in recent years.

While no immediate reports of damage or casualties were issued following the 4.9 magnitude quake, authorities continue to monitor the situation closely due to the frequency of recent tremors.

Earlier Earthquake Recorded on February 5

Just a day earlier, another earthquake of magnitude 4.5 was recorded in Myanmar. According to seismic data, this event occurred at a deeper level of approximately 115 kilometres below the ground. Deep-focus earthquakes such as this one typically result in weaker ground shaking at the surface, which may explain the absence of major disruption following the incident.

The recurrence of earthquakes within a short time frame has drawn attention from geologists, who note that such patterns are not unusual in tectonically active regions like Myanmar.

Stronger Shallow Earthquake Raises Concern

On February 3, the region experienced a more powerful earthquake measuring 5.3 in magnitude. Unlike the later tremors, this quake originated at a shallow depth of just 20 kilometres. Experts warn that shallow earthquakes pose a higher risk because seismic waves reach the surface with greater intensity, increasing the potential for structural damage and aftershocks.

Although detailed damage assessments from that event were limited, the shallow depth made the earthquake particularly concerning for nearby communities.

Why Shallow Earthquakes Are More Dangerous

Seismologists explain that the depth of an earthquake plays a critical role in determining its impact. Shallow earthquakes allow seismic energy to travel a shorter distance to the surface, resulting in stronger ground motion. This can lead to greater damage to buildings, infrastructure failures, and a higher risk of injuries or fatalities, especially in densely populated areas.

In contrast, deeper earthquakes tend to disperse energy over a wider area before reaching the surface, often reducing their destructive potential.

Myanmar’s High Seismic Vulnerability

Myanmar is considered one of the more earthquake-prone countries in Southeast Asia due to its complex geological setting. The nation lies at the intersection of four major tectonic plates—the Indian, Eurasian, Sunda, and Burma plates—which are constantly interacting. These movements generate frequent seismic activity across the region.

Adding to the risk is Myanmar’s long coastline, which also exposes it to potential tsunami threats following large offshore earthquakes.

The Role of the Sagaing Fault

A major geological feature contributing to Myanmar’s seismic risk is the Sagaing Fault, a transform fault stretching approximately 1,400 kilometres through the country. This fault links the Andaman spreading centre in the south to a collision zone in northern Myanmar and remains highly active.

Cities such as Sagaing, Mandalay, Bago, and Yangon lie within zones influenced by this fault system. Together, these urban areas account for nearly half of Myanmar’s population, significantly increasing the potential impact of major earthquakes.

Historical Seismic Impact on Urban Areas

Although Yangon is situated some distance from the main trace of the Sagaing Fault, it remains vulnerable due to its dense population and urban infrastructure. Historical records show that a powerful earthquake in 1903, measuring 7.0 in magnitude and centred near Bago, caused notable effects in Yangon as well.

As seismic activity continues in the region, experts emphasize the importance of preparedness, resilient infrastructure, and continuous monitoring to reduce the risks posed by future earthquakes.