OU scientists discover new bat species from Sri Lanka The newly discovered species, named Hipposideros srilankaensis, is endemic to Sri Lanka

Hyderabad: Their unending fascination for bats has helped the Osmania University scientists discover a new species of bat in Sri Lanka.

An international researchers’ team led by Dr. Bhargavi Srinivasulu from the OU identified a new species of leaf-nosed bat, named Hipposideros srilankaensis, which is endemic to Sri Lanka. This discovery, along with the taxonomic revision of the South Asian allies of Hipposideros galeritus, has been published in the international taxonomy journal Zootaxa.

The research, conducted in collaboration with bat biologists from Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand under the stewardship of Prof. C Srinivasulu of OU, is the culmination of over a decade of extensive fieldwork, morphological studies, and genetic analyses. The team surveyed multiple locations across India, Sri Lanka and Thailand, collecting crucial samples and evidence to support their findings.

The new species is distinguished by its unique morphological features, including a broad noseleaf, distinct ear shape, and cranial characteristics. Genetic analysis further confirmed its distinctiveness from other known species in the region.

“This discovery is a testament to the incredible biodiversity of Sri Lanka. It also highlights the need for continued exploration and conservation of bat species, which play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance,” said Dr Bhargavi.

The research was a collaborative effort involving scientists from multiple institutions, including from India – Osmania University and Zoological Survey of India, from Sri Lanka – University of Ruhuna, Rajarata University, University of Ruhuna and University of Colombo, from Thailand – Prince of Songkla University, and from United Kingdom – University of Reading.

“The identification of Hipposideros srilankaensis as a new species is a significant milestone for Sri Lankan bat research. It is the first true Sri Lankan endemic bat. It underscores the importance of protecting our unique wildlife and their habitats,” said Dr. Tharaka Kusuminda of University of Ruhuna who did the field studies in Sri Lanka.

Prof. Srinivasulu said the genetic divergence observed among Southeast Asian populations of Hipposideros galeritus suggest there may be more hidden diversity waiting to be discovered.

Bats are vital to ecosystems as pollinators, seed dispersers, and insect controllers. The discovery of and the taxonomic revision provide critical information for conservation strategies, the researchers said, adding that protecting these species and their habitats is essential for maintaining biodiversity and ecological health.